Rural and Native American Students’ Utilization of Autobiographical Comic Strips to Explore Their Identities through Digital Storytelling in the Multimodal Writing Classroom
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Appendix 2: Selected Tables
Table 1. Students’ Demographic Characteristics
N = 60 students
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Race |
Caucasian 51% (31) |
Native American 40% (24) |
Hispanic/ Latino 4% (2) |
African-American 3% (2) |
Asian/Pacific Islander 2% (1) |
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Age |
18-21 60% (36) |
22-25 43% (>26) |
26-29 1% (>1) |
35-39 1% (>1) |
45-49 3% (>2) |
|
Annual Household Income |
$0-15,000 24% (14) |
$16,000-30,000 27% (16) |
$31,000-45,000 12% (7) |
$46,000-60,000 15% (9) |
> $60,000 22% (13)
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Permanent Residence |
Oklahoma 79% (47) |
Texas 21% (13) |
NA |
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Town Size |
Under 5,000 52% (31) |
5,000-10,000 22% (13) |
11,000-20,000 13% (8) |
30,000-50,000 11% (7) |
60,000 + 2% (1) |
Table 2. Students’ self-reported outcomes in the Reflective Essay upon completing the Comic Strip
N = 60 students
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Academic Outcomes for Comic Strip and Reflective Essay Assignments |
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Strengthened critical thinking and research skills 85% (51) |
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Strengthened multimodal reading skills 92% (55) |
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Strengthened multimodal writing skills 95% (57) |
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Proved useful in learning more about comics as a multimodal genre 78% (47) |
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Strengthened collaborative practices 75% (45) |
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Promoted educational and personal interests 65% (39) |
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Prompted student to consider continuing to make comics in future 32 % (19) |
Table 3. Themes for character traits, plotlines, genre aspects, inclusion of other characters and setting that students generated in the Comic Strip
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Main Character’s Traits |
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Character has a secret power/skill (1) or special prop, like a crown (2). |
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Character has a known flaw/weakness (2). |
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Character represents a superhero (3); an everyday hero at home (3) or work (1); or an immigrant (1). |
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Cartoon Strip Plotline Type |
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Comic relies upon causal events, with a beginning and ending, and the story is a comedy (15); tragedy (4); or mystery (1). |
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Comic is a slice-of-life description of the character and shows a series of standalone moments or events (37). |
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Story is about a traumatic event, including a death in the family (1), a divorce (1), cancer (1), or an injury (1); a mental condition, such as depression (1) or being tired (8); an existential fugue state (2); the area’s drug culture’s negative effects (2); or a natural disaster, including a fire (1), a tornado (1), or a hurricane (1). |
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Genre Aspects |
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Comic involves a lesson (3) or town myth (4) the character learns. |
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Story is realistic (48). |
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Story has supernatural, dream, or fairytale-like aspects (12). |
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Story includes a self-reflexive look at composing the comic strip (4) or anime themes (1). |
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Secondary Characters |
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Story is about/mentions the author’s child/ren (11). |
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Story is about/mentions the author’s spouse/significant other (9), siblings (5), or friends (15). |
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Story is about/mentions the author’s pet(s) (3). |
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Story has a guide, including a parent, god figure, coach, etc. (7). |
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Settings |
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Story is about a job, past or current (6), including at gas stations (2), construction (1), casinos (3), offices (1), daycares (1), fast food (2), and in the Army (1). |
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Story is about/mentions the author’s home (9), including a farm or ranch (13). |
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Story is about/mentions attending school (1), including home school (4), attending college (30), and making career plans (24), including teaching (8). |
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Story is about a hobby, including sports (8), racing (2), acting (1), singing (2), baking (1), drawing (1), reading (3), writing (3), traveling (4), or visiting theme parks (2). |
Table 4. Raters’ assessment of students’ outcomes upon completing the Comic Strip
N = 60 students
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Writing Outcomes for the Cartoon Strip |
Percentage of Assignments Associated with Each Outcome, with “1” Being the Lowest and “5” the Highest |
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Fails to Meet Requirements 1 |
Fair
2 |
Meets Requirements 3 |
Good
4 |
Excellent
5 |
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Synthesis of Information and Cohesion |
5% n = 3 |
5% n = 3 |
50% n = 30 |
20% n = 12 |
20% n = 12 |
|
Development and Clarity |
5% n = 3 |
10% n = 6 |
25% n = 15 |
20% n = 12 |
30% n = 18 |
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Diction, Style, and Voice |
10% n = 6 |
15% n = 9 |
35% n = 21 |
25% n = 15 |
15% n = 9 |
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Audience and Genre Requirements |
5% n = 3 |
15% n = 9 |
35% n = 21 |
25% n = 15 |
20% n = 12 |
|
Artwork |
5% n = 3 |
35% n = 21 |
40% n = 24 |
10% n = 6 |
10% n = 6 |